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I
Corinthians 10:1-4
(Christ:
The Rock in The Wilderness)
(From The Orthodox Study Bible):
1 Moreover, brethren, I do not
want you to be unaware(1) that all our fathers were under the cloud,
all passed through the sea,
2 all were baptized into Moses
in the cloud and in the sea,
3 all ate the same spiritual
food,
4 and all drank the same
spiritual drink. For they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them, and
that Rock was Christ.(2)
***Verse-by-Verse
Study Notes Provided in This Bible***
(1) Verse 1: Paul often uses I do
not want you to be unaware or a similar formula (see Romans 11:25; 12:1; 2
Corinthians 1:8; Colossians 2:1; 1 Thessalonians 4:13) to introduce a matter
vital to Christian faith.
(2) Verses 2-4: Israel’s liberation
from Egypt by Moses prefigures our liberation from sin by Christ. The cloud
is a symbol of the Holy Spirit; the sea, of water and baptism; the Rock,
of the body of Christ, His humanity; and the spiritual drink, of
Christ’s blood. Jesus Himself linked these events of the Passover with the
Eucharist when He established it (see Matthew 26:17-29).
(From The New Analytical King James Study
Bible):
1 MOREOVER, brethren, I would
not that ye should be ignorant, how that all our fathers were under the cloud,
and all passed through the sea;
2 And were all baptized unto
Moses in the cloud and in the sea;
3 And did all eat the same
spiritual(1) meat(2);
4 And did all drink the same
spiritual(1) drink: for they drank of that spiritual(1)
Rock [rock] that followed(3) them: and that Rock [rock] was Christ.
(1) In this sentence, the term “spiritual” comes
from the original ancient Greek word “pneumatikos” (Strong’s
G4152). Its original ancient script, spelling, pronunciation, and definitions
include: πνευματικός pneumatikós, pnyoo-mat-ik-os';
from G4151; non-carnal, i.e. (humanly) ethereal (as
opposed to gross), or (dæmoniacally) a spirit (concretely), or (divinely) supernatural,
regenerate, religious:—spiritual. Compare G5591.
(2) In this sentence, the
term “meat” comes from the original ancient Greek word “broma”
(Strong’s G1033). Its original ancient script, spelling,
pronunciation, and definitions include: βρῶμα brōma, bro'-mah;
from the base of G977; food (literally or figuratively), especially (ceremonially)
articles allowed or forbidden by the Jewish law:—meat, victuals.
(3) In this sentence, the
term “followed” comes from the original ancient Greek word “akolouthéō”
(Strong’s G190). Its original ancient script, spelling,
pronunciation, and definitions include: ἀκολουθέω akolouthéō, ak-ol-oo-theh'-o;
from G1 (as
a particle of union) and κέλευθος
kéleuthos (a road); properly, to be in the same way with, i.e. to accompany (specially,
as a disciple):—follow, reach.
(From The Amplified Holy Bible):
1 FOR I do not want you to be
unaware, believers, that our fathers were all under the cloud [in which God’s
presence went before them] and they all passed [miraculously and safely]
through the [Red] Sea; [Exodus 13:21; 14:22, 29]
2 And all [of them] were
baptized into Moses [into his safekeeping as their leader] in the cloud and in
the sea;
3 and all [of them] ate the
same spiritual food(1); [Exodus 16:4, 35]
4 and all [of them] drank the
same spiritual drink, for they were drinking from a spiritual rock(2)
which followed them; and the rock was Christ. [Exodus 17:6; Numbers 20:11]
***Verse-by-Verse Study Notes Provided in This
Bible***
(1) Verse 3:
divinely provided manna
(2) Verse 4: divinely
provided water from a rock
(From The Complete Jewish Study Bible):
1 For, brothers, I don’t want
you to miss the significance of what happened to our fathers(2). All
of them were guided by the pillar of cloud, and they all passed through the
sea,
2 and in connection with the
cloud and with the sea they all immersed themselves into Moshe(1)(3),
3 also they all ate the same
food from the Spirit,
4 and they all drank the same
drink from the Spirit – for they drank from a Spirit-sent Rock which followed
them, and that Rock was the Messiah.
***Footnotes***
(1) In the Jewish language, “Moshe” is the name used for
“Moses.”
***Verse-by-Verse
Study Notes Provided in This Bible***
(2) Verse 1: I don’t want you to
miss the significance of what happened to our fathers: In midrashic form,
Sha’ul [Paul] introduces this illustration to reveal that the risk of being no
longer used by God is real. For even though all of them had extraordinary
advantages that might have led them to suppose their status with God was
secure, “the majority of them” met with God’s disapproval and died as a result;
let this be a warning to you. (see Matthew 3:9; Romans 9:4-5).
(3) Verse 2: They all immersed
themselves into Moshe: This means being united with him, accepting Moshe’s
vision, goals, and leadership. The Israelites did this by trusting him in
connection with the cloud and in connection with the sea. There is an analogy
here between immersion into Moshe and immersion “into the Messiah” (see Romans
6:3; Galatians 3:27).
(From The New American Standard Bible):
1 For I do not want you to be
unaware, brethren, that our fathers were all under the cloud and all passed
through the sea;
2 and all were baptized into
Moses in the cloud and in the sea;
3 and all ate the same
spiritual food;
4 and all drank the same spiritual
drink, for they were drinking from a spiritual rock which followed them; and
the rock was Christ.
(From The Knox Bible – The Latin Vulgate):
1 Let me remind you, brethren,
of this. Our fathers were hidden, all of them, under the cloud, and found a
path, all of them, through the sea;
2 all alike, in the cloud and
in the sea, were baptized into Moses’ fellowship.
3 They all ate the same
prophetic food(1),
4 and all drank the same
prophetic drink, watered by the same prophetic rock which bore them company,
the rock that was Christ(2).
***Verse-by-Verse
Study Notes Provided in This Bible***
(1) Verse 3: Prophetic:
literally “spiritual”. The sense may be merely that of ‘supernatural’, but it
seems more likely that Saint Paul is regarding the manna, the water, and the
rock as types of things to come.
(2) Verse 4: Saint Paul is no doubt
alluding to a Jewish legend, according to which the rock from which the water
came was enabled, by a miracle, to accompany the wanderings of the Israelites;
he means, perhaps, to attribute this abiding presence to the thing signified
rather than to the rock itself.